نشریه جامعه شناسی سیاسی ایران
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 10، تابستان 1399)

It is clear that today energy has become one of the factors affecting the global economy and a tool to ensure national interests and security and economic development of the world, which as a result has opened a special place in power relations in the contemporary world system and access to energy resources for all. The levels of hierarchy of world power have become strategically important. Meanwhile, Iran is located in the center of the world's strategic energy oval and with the world's second largest source of crude oil and natural gas, has an important position in the field of global energy developments. Through this, the United States, knowing this, has tried to use the maximum leverage and the policy of removing Iran from the global energy equations, in order to bring the Islamic Republic of Iran to the negotiating table and impose its conditions. But the important thing to keep in mind is that the goals of this policy are purely declarative, and other goals are being pursued in practice. Therefore, the main question of the research will be what are the most important strategic goals of the United States in the policy of removing Iran from the global energy equations? In answer to the above question, the hypothesis of the existence of other hidden goals such as controlling competitors and gaining energy markets in countries such as Iran is raised. This research is based on descriptive-statistical-analytical method and relying on information and statistics published by EIA, IEA, BP to examine the situation of supply and demand of oil and gas in the world and the strategy of eliminating Iran from global energy equations. Pay the said component.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of transparency indicators, government accountability and corruption control on the Legatum welfare index in selected countries (countries in the field of the country's development vision document) during the years 2000 to 2018. For this purpose, the World Bank's statistical data have been used for independent variables and the Legatum Institute data for the Legatum welfare index. The research model has been estimated using panel data technique. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between administrative corruption index and Legatum welfare index. Also, a significant and negative relationship was observed between legal corruption and Legatum welfare index; But there was no significant relationship between political corruption and the Legatum welfare index; There is also a positive and significant relationship between transparency and government accountability indicators and the Legatum welfare index; Therefore, the most important policy recommendation of this study to achieve the goals of the country's vision document is to improve institutional indicators, including improving laws and regulations and accountability structures. And the authority of the local managers and the delegation of authority to them is expressed. 

This article seeks to identify the relationship between Political Order and Bureaucracy with the lack of development of contemporary Iran (Pahlavi and Qajar periods). Iran's development due to Iran's Economic, Political and Military weakness in the 19th century, in the face of the superiority of Western powers was considered by bureaucratic and court elites. Efforts were made during the Qajar period and subsequently during the Pahlavi period to establish a modern state based to Centralized state with a rational-legal bureaucracy and modern military forces and educational institution for Iran's development, but it was not successful, while In Japan such efforts with somewhat similar situation were successful. This research with historical-comparative method compares Iran's underdevelopment with developed country of Japan using Francis Fukuyama's political decay and order theory. The bureaucratic elites of Iran and Japan had somewhat similar plans for development; but the different nature of the modern and traditional forces of the two countries prevented similar results. In Japan modern and traditional forces such as Daimyo, religious forces, merchants, intellectuals, etc., alongside the bureaucratic elites, preferred state-building to democratic accountability. This led to political order and the development of Japan, but in Iran, modern and traditional forces such as, Tribes and Nomads, intellectuals, clerics, merchants, etc., preferred democratic accountability to state-building, which led to political disorder and underdevelopment of Iran.

The concept of Supervision is one of the most important issues in the field of politics and management of political systems. In this article, an attempt has been made to analyze the concept of the importance of supervision and its Symptoms in the thought and action of Khajeh Nizam al-Mulk Tusi. Therefore, the main question of the research is what is the place of supervision in Khajeh's thought? And what mechanisms has it devised for it? The general finding of this study is that Khajeh attaches special importance to surveillance and accordingly considers issues such as litigation, surveillance of subordinates, the appointment of spies and the need for covert and overt punishment as the most important oversight mechanisms. Theoretical framework of the article The theory of systems of David Easton has been selected with emphasis on the discussion of feedback, control and monitoring. Our method in this research is a qualitative interpretation and the method of data collection is library and internet.

Political participation in the system of indirect democracy plays a vital role. Choice is the main mechanism for realizing popular sovereignty. Participation allows citizens to replace responsible officials and change the government. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between social capital and political participation among Kermanshah citizens. Different theories have been used in the present study. But only the theories that underpin the research hypothesis, namely the relationship between social capital and political participation, constitute the theoretical framework. Given the importance of discussing social participation, the present study uses field method, survey technique, questionnaire tools and the use of SPSS and Smart PLS softwares seek to answer the main question of whether there is a relationship between different dimensions of social capital and political participation among Kermanshah citizens? The statistical population of this study is citizens of Kermanshah 18 years old and 384 of them were studied as sample size. The results show that between social capital and its dimensions namely social trust (0.38), social participation (0.41), social cohesion (0.30), social support (0.27), social awareness (35). There is a positive, direct and meaningful relationship between social participation (0.36) and political participation of citizens. Therefore, all the research hypotheses are rejected. The results of the structural equation model (Smart PLS) also showed that the total independent effect of social capital on citizens' political participation was 0.55

The central problem of the empirical demonstration is the weakness of the rule of law as one of the main pillars of democracy and how social and political structures have influenced the rule of law in the courts in Iraqi Kurdistan. To address this issue, tribal peace efforts have been focused on Agha Houses (Diwankhana) and party social offices in Erbil. In the theoretical framework, using social normative concepts and legal rules, it seeks to prove theoretically the influence of tribal norms and rules and its effect on the rule of legal rules. In this research to generating data, using the ground theory in social researches, and using the technique of in-depth interviews with community elites (tribal leaders and political parties, and judges of justice and academic elites), a paradigmatic model of data has been developed. This model consists of three basic points: 1- The effect of causal tribal social structure on political and governmental elites; 2- Field conditions, which include three types of mechanisms (independence of courts, tribal peace, efficiency of executive bodies) that affect the effects of structural-actor conditions; 3- With the activation of these three basic mechanisms, the rule of law in Kurdistan will be limited This political-tribal formation has created institutional inefficiency, the ruling parties ‘renunciation of tribal leaders’ activities, and the restriction of the independence of the courts, which is a clear example of illegal or uncontrolled rule, a sign of the lack of one of the main pillars of democracy.

FDI to finance economic projects is one of the most important concerns of economic decision makers in society. Some of the fundamental factors that have played a less prominent role in the relationship between economic growth and foreign direct investment include how countries are governed and how much they depend on developed countries.Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of FDI on economic growth based on the theory of dependency and governance in developing countries over the period 1990-1990, using systematic generalized momentum approach. To achieve this overall goal, three models are estimated: the first model of factors affecting economic growth, the second model of factors affecting the exchange rate and the third model is factors affecting FDI.The results of the first model estimation showed that foreign direct investment has no significant effect on economic growth of developing countries. On the other hand, results showed that governance index and dependency index had positive effect on economic growth. Interaction results also showed that governance and interdependence reinforce each other's effect on economic growth. The results of the estimation of the third model showed that economic growth and governance index have a positive effect on FDI

There is a special view of the people in Imam Khomeini's political thought. On the other hand, the issue of social capital as one of the governance challenges is the subject of extensive theoretical discussions at different levels of analysis. In this regard, the present article, with the aim of examining the position of social capital components in Imam Khomeini's thought, used the method of quantitative content analysis and tested two hypotheses. Content analysis was performed with paragraph analysis unit in 22 volumes of Imam Sahifa. The priority of the components of social capital derived from the content analysis of the Imam Sahifah is as follows: Values and norms, social bonds, public trust, participation and ultimately social awareness. It was also stated in the second assumption that the content of the components of social capital in Imam Khomeini's view differs substantially from those existing in popular social capital theories. The overall conclusion of this study is that, in light of what has been examined in terms of the components of social capital from Imam Khomeini's point of view, the concept of "capacity of social excellence" is a more formal and expressive concept for the essence of these concepts.

Lack of justice in society results in discrimination, oppression, corruption, and lack of public consensus, and such a society departs from virtue, consensus, and solidarity, leading to disintegration.Considering the importance of discussing the sense of social justice, the present study seeks to answer the main question of whether there is a relationship between religiosity and a sense of social justice in Bandar Abbas city using field method, survey technique and questionnaire research tool. The statistical population of this study is all citizens aged 18 years and above in Bandar Abbas city, 384 of whom were surveyed as sample size. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and structural equations Smart PLS.The results showed that between religiosity (P = 0.36) and all its dimensions namely religiosity (P = 0.42), ritualism (P = 0.37), religiosity consequence (P = 0.32). Empirical dimension of religiosity (P = 0.28), Cognitive dimension of religiosity (P = 0.24) have a positive and direct relationship with the degree of social justice in Bandar Abbas citizens. Therefore, all the research hypotheses are confirmed. The results of the structural equation model (Smart PLS) also show that religiosity has a moderate effect on the sense of social justice (0.501) and the religiosity variable explains 0.25 of the variance in the sense of social justice

Participation is conditional on equality and subject to human freedom. Women's participation in the development process is also their right because the development process and decision-making must be in line with the roles and needs of women, because today the extent and manner of participation of different groups, especially women, determines the position of societies in terms of development. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review the research conducted in the field of social and political participation of women after the Islamic Revolution and to identify fundamental and strategic gaps. So the question that arises is what is the scope, scope and gaps of research in the field of women's political and social participation? The research method is meta-analysis, which has been analyzed by categorizing the researches by author name, title, research method, hypotheses and results. Findings indicated that the variables of political effectiveness, feeling of legal inequality, political awareness, social and economic status, self-confidence, age, mass media, stereotypes, women's employment, marital status, feeling of gender inequality, sociability, Traditional beliefs and literacy levels are considered as more effective barriers to women's social and political participation, respectively. As a result, these barriers have led to the low presence of women in limited cases, and by removing these barriers and changing misconceptions and educating and socializing women and girls from an early age, they must be promoted to high political positions and Socially prepared.

The present study, using the Dimtel technique, seeks to design a model of factors affecting political trust in the use of Facebook. This research is applied based on the purpose and in terms of data collection, it is a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) research. Data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and in order to collect information, a theoretical and purposeful method (snowball) was conducted with 15 university experts. Using the opinions of experts, 34 variables were finalized, which became the basis for preparing the main questionnaire. 384 questionnaires were distributed among Payame Noor students in Isfahan in 1398. To analyze the data, the theme analysis method was used and to rank the approved components and indicators among the multi-criteria decision-making techniques, the Demitel technique under the Super Decision software platform was used. The results of Demetel model showed that among the 3 influential indicators of the political system with the values ​​of R, J, (R + J) and (RJ), respectively (9.245305, 7.794941, 17.04025 and 1.450364) the most They have an impact on political trust in the use of Facebook, and also the dimensions of political actors and political institutions are in the second and third priorities, respectively.

Religion, as one of the most important institutions, has experienced many ups and downs during the ups and downs of human history. Religion is not a new phenomenon and has always been with humanity since the day it came into being and began its collective life. Religious practices show a sense of solidarity and reliance on the group, and in short, a sense of belonging in society. Religion is the common moral language of society. This study seeks to identify the impact of cultural policy on social religiosity. On the other hand, in terms of method, it is a survey research and its analysis unit is Tehran citizens. A researcher-made questionnaire, after examining trust And its validity was performed by cluster sampling in three areas of Tehran and among 110 families in Tehran. Findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between cultural policies and social religiosity of citizens and families and religiosity is significantly different between age groups.

The Application of downside Risk and Arbitrage Pricing Model In Risk Assessment (Financial Marketing Approach to Iran’s Petrochemical Industry)Jehad Barzigar , Mohammad Jalily(PH.D.) This research in aimed at assessing and measuring systematic and unsystematic risks affecting petrochemicals listed on Tehran stock exchange with a financial-marketing approach in two stages to be analyzed and the analysis of the payment.In the first stage, quantitative assessment of systematic and unsystematic risks is filled with a financial approach. as a result of these calculations, it was found that the greatest risk to the stock returns of petrochemical companies threatens, due to the cultural and economic and political factors and technology and the internal factors have less effect on the risk of stock returns of petrochemical companies. In the second stage, it is measured qualitative (rating) systematic and unsystematic risk with marketing approach.To identify and rank the risks in the petrochemical industry through survey and distribution of questionnaries and analysis of answers the following results were obtained: the low quality of some petrochemical products (urea, gasoline), the lack of a comprehensive control system budget, cost and final price of petrochemical products are unsystematic risk factors that are increasing risk in the petrochemical industry.Also increasing the export of petrochemical products, privatization and the private management are unsystematic risk mitigating factor in the petrochemical industry.

The purpose of this study is to present a model of manpower talent management with emphasis on organizational culture in the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation. In this research, a combined method (qualitative-quantitative) has been used. In the qualitative part, using the data theorizing method of the foundation, 13 experts of the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation were interviewed. The results were categorized. In 136 basic codes, 40 concepts and 5 categories were categorized, which include, talent absorption factors, talent discovery and evaluation factors, talent development factors, talent retention factors and organizational culture factors. Also, in the quantitative part, a questionnaire was designed from the model designed in the qualitative part, and 124 questionnaires were filled out by random sampling from the staff of the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation, and the model was validated using the structural equation method.The results showed that the factors of talent acquisition include: hiring, trying to use the facilities, discovering resources, discovering talented talents, authentication, professional interviews, reviewing scientific and executive records, willingness and interest in work, knowledge of organizational levels and It is the preparation of working conditions.

Issues related to receiving alimony from the wife, lack of attention and lack of easy and practical solutions to the problems of family rights and courts. Retribution is one of the ways of exercising the right in order to force the debtors against the creditors with the motive of supporting the creditors who do not have a document acceptable to the legal authorities to realize their rights. The jurists disagree about the possibility of compensation for alimony from the husband's property to the extent that they believe that if the husband refuses to pay alimony where it is obligatory on him, if it is possible to refer to the ruler of Sharia, the ruler will force him to pay. Pays alimony. However, if due to some problems for the wife, it is not possible to refer to the ruler of the Shari'a. Pays alimony. However, if due to some problems for the wife, it is not possible to refer to the ruler of the Shari'a.

Holistic approach is one of the central sociological issues that the components and characteristics of this educational approach are significantly related to some features of communicative learning in Iran. The purpose of a holistic learning approach is to consider a subject and use it to improve language learning. The present study focuses on the Iranian language learning community and examines the comprehensive holistic method and its effect on their self-provision and oral skills (speaking skill). The population of this study consisted of 60 male and female language students of the same level (pre-intermediate) with the age ranges of 16 to 22 years who were selected by random sampling method. The instruments of this study included the Oxford Placement Test, the comprehensive test of speaking as pre-test and a post-test, a related questionnaire to assess the self-provision of the participants and finally an interview. The results of Pre-test and post-test indicated that speaking skill of EFL language learners has significantly improved under the influence of the mentioned method. Results also revealed that using holistic language teaching method can have a positive effect on self-provision of Iranian learners.

Mahdoor al-Dam refers to someone who deserves to be killed. This characteristic is due to the disappearance of the cause of infallibility or safety and the commission of crimes that make a person miserable. Achieved. In the meantime, what is at stake is the recognition of a person or institution that is legally and legally allowed to impose a sentence on these people. , And according to several narrations, the implementation of the limits is the authority of the Islamic ruler and not the general public. The murder of Mahdoor al-Dam by ordinary people has been inherently flawed, such as undermining public order and guaranteeing the implementation of criminal regulations, while at the same time conflicting with criminal policies. In addition, it leads to formal shortcomings, including conflict with the rules of fair trial, the right to liberty and the prevention of arbitrary detention, the principle of legality of criminal proceedings and punishments. In order to prevent these shortcomings, the main proposal of the present study is to refer to unpopular fatwas, including the fatwas of the late Khoi regarding the murder of Mahdoor al-Dam, the belief in the murder of Mahdoor al-Dam, and the murder of a wife by a husband, which in these cases does not rule out retribution.

Technology is the key to understanding cultural stages and patterns. In a leading study focusing on the evolution of technology and cultural patterns, the trend of technology along with cultural patterns has been studied throughout history. Therefore, in order to achieve this goal, the documentary method has been used. This research showed that according to the theories of anthropologists such as Tyler, Fraser, Morgan, Malinowski, Strauss, Margaret Mead, Harris and Baudrillard, technology can play a role in the cultural development of civilization. But sometimes some technologies, such as the media, can change or damage a culture. In the case of hunter-gatherer and farmer tribes, simple tools made by the natives of that region for a specific purpose, by using them in beliefs and beliefs, ethics, religion, environment and cooperation, contribute to the development and strengthening of that society. While in industrial and post-industrial societies, in some ways, it has contributed significantly to human well-being, but it has caused the destruction of the environment, the destruction of religion and morality. The results showed that according to anthropologists, technology can lead to the growth of cultural patterns.

One of the undeniable necessities in the field of politics is to study the performance of existing political parties in a society from the time of its formation to the end of the path. The Islamic Republic Party is one of the most important and fundamental parties in Iran. This study was conducted to investigate and analyze the reasons for the suspension of the Republican Party from the perspective of party elites. In this research, the library and interview method has been used and ten party elites have been interviewed in this regard. In the end, it was concluded that the elites and elders of the Republican Party saw a dilemma when they felt contradictions between the values ​​of the party members. Preserving the party and changing the values ​​of the party or stopping the party with the priority of preserving the values. The elders of the party chose the second path and considered preserving the values ​​of the party more important than preserving the symbol of the party, and this led to the cessation of the activities of the Islamic Republic Party. Finally, the reasons for stopping the party according to the interview are as follows: dichotomy among party elites, incoherence among members, inclusiveness and frontalism, how to recruit, lack of strong and coherent goals, dispersion of members' demands The party and the martyrdom of the most influential secretary general of the party, Ayatollah Beheshti

Mass media have individual functions such as identification, information, social interaction and entertainment, in addition to which; It includes social and main functions. These functions include cohesion, solidarity, continuity, entertainment and social mobilization. In the Iranian system, the media should try to operate within the framework of social norms, moral principles and jurisprudential principles. Among the mass media activities are related to media advertising. Media advertising, with the use of new and diverse media that have been created in line with the advancement of technology, in order to influence the social life and even the culture of people, is an undeniable reality that goes beyond even a simple advertisement or linking and introducing the seller. It is to the buyer and vice versa, but it has profound and even fundamental effects in the social, political, economic and cultural fields and is considered as one of the main financial sources in the media. The media is covered from the perspective of Iranian jurisprudence and law.

A correct understanding of civil disobedience in the field of public law based on its correct recognition as a social phenomenon and an internal reality in society in terms of what and why it occurs and the appropriate answer to this question that if governments replace the "Rule by Law” with the “Rule of Law", how do people force governments to cancel or amend their performance? Civil disobedience is one of the effective methods in this regard. The findings of this study indicate that simply not being violent alone is not enough to describe civil disobedience, and it must have other characteristics such as awareness and openness, also, non-compliance with the law, and acceptance of responsibility. Unfair and immoral knowledge of a law or decision and the negative effects of their actions and the right to exercise social supervision over the government is also a good answer to why this social phenomenon occurs.

with the influx of refugees to different countries, the unity of governments in accepting them, by flexing their domestic laws adopting democratic, scientific and respectful approaches to civil society rights, respect for human rights, avoid discrimination against these people and optimal use From the valuable experiences of other countries and international forums, they have provided the necessary grounds for dealing better with the phenomenon of asylum.The purpose is showing the importance, role of international laws, regulations, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees and the key role of domestic law, especially in host societies, in improving the living conditions of refugees and their prosperity. The need to manage refugees must be a priority in the policy of the host governments. The findings of the article indicate that the background to the issue of asylum is the difficult conditions, harassment, torture that have been created for individuals in their countries of origin. So security, living standards in various dimensions develop in the communities of origin, the survival of residents increases, the phenomenon of asylum decreases. Host societies, by granting asylum to a refugee, have all the responsibilities of protecting a refugee, including voluntary return or transfer to a third country and observance, ensuring the refugee's human rights, allowing the refugee to remain in its territory until a lasting solution is found. Takes responsibility for what is achieved. Granting asylum is a simple and humane act based on the sovereignty and independence of states& no country, should consider it a hostile act.

Women, as part of the human capital of any society, can play a decisive role in governing the country through their political participation, and therefore, paying attention to their electoral behavior is an important issue. Given the importance of discussing women's electoral behavior, the present study seeks to answer the main question of whether there is a difference between different dimensions of social health and Is there a connection between the electoral behavior of women in Ahvaz? The statistical population of the present study is women 18 years and older in Ahvaz, of which 384 have been studied as a sample size.The results show that between social health (0.35) social and its dimensions, ie social correlation (0.38), social participation (0.41), social cohesion (0.30), social acceptance (0.27) And social self-fulfillment (0.35) has a positive, direct and significant relationship with women's electoral behavior. Therefore, all research hypotheses are confirmed. The results of structural equation model (Smart PLS) also showed that the social health variable explains a total of 0.55 of the variance of the variable of women's electoral behavior, taking into account the values ​​of the volume of the effect of the coefficient of determination of this value to the average (0.30) is estimated.

Pornography or pornography is one of the most important crimes against public morality and decency and has a direct impact on society. therefore; The main purpose of this research is to analyze and explain the criminology of cyber pornography and the role of society in confronting and preventing it. The increasing spread of Internet sites and the need and necessity of using the Internet by users, the majority of whom in our country are young and the dominance of Western culture promoting humanism over cyberspace and the proliferation of pornographic sites that attack religious cults in particular. Given the soft war of the West against our country, this issue should be one of the high priority cases. The research method is descriptive-documentary and information has been collected using library resources and Internet sites. Findings of this research In response to the research question - What are the causes of the prevalence of Internet pornography in Iranian society? - The results of the research show; Structural, cultural, social and economic factors are among the most important causes of the prevalence of cyber pornography. Research results show; The impact of the victim's role in the process of cyber pornography, as well as its punishment in the UK, has made the issue of restorative justice and its function in relation to this crime very bold and effective.

Arbitration in international trade is based on various domestic and international laws. For various reasons, turning to arbitration in international trade can have more benefits than the intervention of governments and judicial authorities, so it is necessary for countries to pay the necessary attention to facilitate arbitration in this regard and remove some obstacles. In recent decades, arbitration has played a significant role in resolving trade disputes. The reason for this can be sought in various factors such as reducing transaction costs, speeding up the proceedings, reducing judicial intervention, and so on. In this regard, in some cases, factors that are independent of the arbitrator or lead to his or her will may lead to a fair handling of the dispute, in which case rules and resources have been considered to resolve this issue. This descriptive-analytical study is a comparative study of referee's injury in domestic and international sources and examines the gaps and problems in this field and tries to compare the significant shortcomings in this area with a comparative study. Explain in the field of domestic and international law.

The present study was conducted to investigate ethnic policy in the Islamic Republic and its role in national security and cohesion by the library method. The purpose of this study is to examine ethnic policy to maintain national security and cohesion. Every country strives to have a united, cohesive, integrated and loyal nation to its national identity, and to achieve this goal it needs appropriate ethnic policy and professional management in order to take steps to strengthen and promote national security and cohesion. Unbalanced development in the economic, social and political fields, a clash of tastes and regardless of the set ethnic policy, are among the causes of the failure of ethnic policies. Efforts for ethnic political participation, attention to language, ethnic customs, and the use of ethnic elites in positions and administrative positions have been successful points of ethnic policies in Iran that affect national security and cohesion. Religious, religious and ethnic diversity in some historical periods and mainly due to the interventions of arrogant countries has been the cause of the crisis in Iran. If ethnic and religious diversity in Iran is not properly managed and appropriate policies are made, national security and cohesion will be threatened.

Electoral behavior as a political action indicates a degree of political participation of the people in the social system. Electoral participation One of the most important forms of political participation has a special place in the sociology of politics in general and in the sociology of elections in particular. The aim of this study was to investigate the electoral behavior with emphasis on Parsons AGIL model (case study in Ilam province). The main method of research is survey. The statistical population of this research is all people over 21 years of age from all walks of life in Ilam province. According to the general population and housing census of 2016, 425,000 people have been estimated, which according to Cochran's formula, the statistical sample size is 385 people, multi-stage cluster sampling method and data collection tool, researcher questionnaire. has constructed. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability. The coefficient was calculated for all sections of the questionnaire above 70%. Data analysis was performed using Spss and Amoos software. The research findings indicate a positive and significant relationship between the systems (cultural, social, personality and biological) and the electoral behavior of Ilam citizens. In regression analysis, it was found that the system Culture with 61% and personality system with 22% have a direct impact on citizens' electoral behavior more than other factors.

The aim of this study was to estimate the methods of increasing soft power in the acting of Iran and Turkey in Syria and Iraq. For this purpose, qualitative research (basic theory) was used. The statistical population includes all professors of political science, 20 of whom were interviewed. In this study, purposive sampling method was used to select the first person and snowball technique was used to select the next people. In the analysis of the findings, first, by reviewing and revising the text of the interviews, meaningful concepts and phrases were extracted, then, by analyzing and coding these concepts and phrases, the main categories were extracted. The results showed that two broad categories including convergence with global norms and responsible performance were identified internationally and five sub-categories are: geographical and strategic location, history and cultural attractions, religion and ideology, peaceful coexistence, and presence in assemblies. international. Each of these subcategories, or components of its soft power, contains items called prominent open source.

This article is entitled "Suhrawardi''s critiques of Ibn Sina''s theory on the subject of motion" and has been compiled with a qualitative nature without hypotheses and variables. The main question is: How is Suhrawardi''s critique of Ibn Sina''s theory on the subject of motion explained? Data collection is a library, and the research method is descriptive-analytical, which uses the tools of formal logic and its purpose is fundamental and theoretical. Ibn Sina called the gradual departure of the object from power to action and considered it in four categories: low, bag, here and the current situation. Before Ibn Sina and according to Aristotle''s philosophy, the category of status was not among the acceptors of motion, but Ibn Sina added this category to the discussion of motion. Suhrawardi, with the exception of the low category, agreed with the other three categories, and believed that the quantity of an object, which is always changing, is a matter of quantitative motion, not an absolute object. For this reason, he did not consider movement to be a minor category. He also, due to the rejection of the monster, does not make any connection between the movement of the monster and the body and face.

rticle is entitled Preventive types of participatory criminal policies in the field of economic crimes with the aim of investigating economic crimes and the participatory role of people and non-governmental organizations as participatory criminal policies. The drafters of the Islamic Penal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure seek to achieve the goals of adopting a participatory criminal policy in the preparation and drafting of these laws, which ultimately leads to solving the problems of the country's criminal justice system. Successful implementation of these laws and achieving the desired goals of participatory criminal policy requires understanding the principles and effects of public participation, as well as the necessary context for the implementation of legislative participatory policies in these laws. In particular, both laws are new and it is likely that legislative participatory policies will face challenges and constraints. This can justify the need to examine the participatory criminal policy in the light of these laws. Islamic and criminal procedure. Achieving success in the field of public participation in the field of criminal justice is subject to preconditions such as structural changes in the political, economic, social and cultural system of society and the correct knowledge and understanding of the principles and effects. Which is involved in the adoption of criminal policy. At the same time, due to the fact that not long after the adoption of these laws, it is expected that their implementation will be accompanied by limitations and challenges.

Waqf is a well-respected tradition in which the good-natured person chooses this method among a variety of ways of doing good, enduring and immortal, thereby benefiting many people over many years and years and provides the satisfaction of God. Many people tend to do this kind of eternal act, but they are less able to participate in the endowment now. Waqf securities provide this opportunity for people with less financial ability. Given the profound changes in the world and the tendency to limit the role of the public sector in the economic, social and cultural spheres, the role of two non-governmental sectors has been the focus of attention, one the private sector and the other the non-profit civil sector at the top of which Endowment and Charity and given the Ijtihad of waqf rulings and its evolution by jurists throughout history, it is natural that the rulings and rules governing the management and regulation of the waqf institution should be changed. Now the question arises, how can the earnings of amphibians be updated? In this research, we will look for solutions to this problem and take a radical approach to this problem.

The issue of justice has long been lost to humanity and has paid a high price for its realization throughout history. All the misfortunes and failures of human life have been tolerated or coped with in some way, but he has not accepted injustice and has fought against it in different ways. Sometimes he has lost part or all of his life and sometimes He also sacrificed his life to make it happen. Justice is the best human desire that has been achieved throughout history, and at the same time it is difficult and in some cases impossible to achieve. Justice does not simply mean equality, and this translation of justice is very superficial and short. The word justice has a clever meaning that is the basis of the decision of just rulers. Imam Ali (pbuh) with that strict observance of justice not only supervised his officials but also supervised and controlled his relatives in the first way. The interesting point in these behaviors is justice, which is famous for friend and foe. Throughout history. Today, when the word justice is said, the first form that comes to mind is the holy rule of Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (as).

Execution is the most important form of corporal punishment because it's life is endangered and destroyed. The death penalty is not the right of society, but the result of a struggle and conflict between a society and a citizen, which ultimately considers the destruction of the accused necessary and useful. Because the happiness of the society is that the right to life and the right to freedom are limited to preserving and observing the life and freedom of others. The right to life, apart from being an inherent and existential human right, also seems from a moral point of view. The commission of important crimes has been partially admitted. The purpose of executing punishment, other than its punitive aspect, is to intimidate the individual and socially rehabilitate the offender, none of which will occur in the execution of the death penalty. This research is qualitative and the method of doing it is library. The results of the study showed that human rights instruments of international law in general and in particular explain the protection of the right to life and consider its violation applicable only in certain circumstances.

Humans have different spirits, different attitudes, different wants and needs, and they are always looking to make their dreams come true. One of its practical methods is in the form of transactions, so when we look at the nature of transactions, it is observed that contracts and transactions have different purposes, some purposes are to make a profit such as selling, others benevolence such as borrowing. And in some transactions there is a background of arrogance and others are non-arrogance. With this approach, it is said that, in some contracts, the existence of knowledge is a necessary thing, and if there is no knowledge, arrogance will be realized, which will result in loss. And the loss and arrogance of the intellect and the sharia is negative and has effects, such as invalidity, termination or preparation of damage, etc., of course, in some contracts, the existence of knowledge is not necessary, such as borrowing. Because the nature of that contract is flexible against ignorance, arrogance and loss. If it is not science or it is not detailed science, it will not harm the transaction. In this article, the subject of science in transactions (in a special sense) examines the views and opinions of Imami jurists and uses the views of Iranian jurists and experts along with the jurists, and at the end, the author's opinion is expressed by presenting the result.

The direct relationship between work and the richness of human life goes beyond common economic concepts. The quality of work is an important factor in ensuring the positive impact of work on development. Some jobs, such as child labor, forced labor, and the labor force involved in trafficking, severely undermine development. All of this needs to be addressed more and more in the world of work, which is undergoing rapid change under the influence of globalization and the technological revolution. Moving towards a sustainable work path is an unpleasant necessity. If we fail to lead this movement, passive human capabilities will be catastrophic in present and future generations. Sustainable work must be distinguished from other types of work because this type of work not only enhances development, but also as a key component of sustainable development reduces the negative side effects and unintended consequences of jobs. This type of work expands employment opportunities for the present generation without limiting it to future generations. Strengthening development through work requires the formulation of policies and strategies in three areas: creating job opportunities, ensuring the welfare of workers, and carrying out targeted actions and interventions.

Considering the strict discriminatory criminal policy of security in security crimes, on the one hand, and the need to pay attention to the citizen-centered approach in the light of moral and human principles, on the other hand, it seems that the restorative justice approach can not reduce the criminal justice approach. Only in dealing with the perpetrators of security crimes, but with a little attention both in the legislative dimension and in practice with regard to restorative justice programs, we can move towards a citizen-centered policy and approach with regard to moral and human principles in this direction and Significantly reduces the disadvantages and disadvantages of penal policy.

The present research is a problem-oriented applied research in terms of purpose and is documentary in terms of data collection method and analyzes the collected information analytically and descriptively.

The results of this study show that despite the lack of attention of legislators in different countries to the restorative justice approach in crimes against security, due to the many benefits of the restorative justice approach and the existence of jurisprudential and legal grounds and capacities of restorative justice, especially in laws. Iran, including the institutions of repentance, amnesty and the rule of law, pays attention to the approach of restorative justice in crimes against security, and with the necessary amendments to the regulations, restorative justice can be applied and strengthened in security crimes.Keywords: criminal policy, restorative justice, crimes against security, civil rights, ethics.

The issuance of precautionary measures in the arbitration process is an important issue that the arbitration rules on the subject of the Code of Civil Procedure and the International Commercial Arbitration Law, as well as international rules, have not taken a clear and unified position. The parties to the contract, anticipating the arbitration, waive the direct jurisdiction of the court and replace the arbitrator. In cases where an arbitral tribunal has been constituted, the parallel jurisdiction of the tribunal and the court having jurisdiction over the substance of the case shall be considered. In cases where the tribunal has not yet been formed and the parties are in a state of emergency, on the one hand, waiting for the tribunal to be formed will cause them irreparable damage, and on the other hand, they are reluctant to go to national courts that disagree. It seems that the best solution is that if the intention of the parties is the final decision of the case, then referring to the courts does not mean waiving the jurisdiction of the arbitrator to review the nature of the case. This rule is reflected in the new domestic laws and regulations of arbitration bodies and international conventions. According to the rule of istishab, the court has jurisdiction over all matters and in case of doubt, its survival should be upheld while the jurisdiction of the arbitrator is against the principle and is subject to the agreement of the parties and granting authority to the arbitrator.

The no-harm rule The jurisprudential rule is taken from the text of the prophetic hadith "no harm and no harm in Islam" which indicates the denial of harm to oneself and others in Islam and its sanctity. The no-harm rule is one of the well-known rules that is used in most chapters of jurisprudence, and in its importance it has been said that it is one of the five rules on which jurisprudential issues are based. The "harmless rule" is one of the rules: which has a valid jurisprudential and rational document and is indicated by several verses and narrations. And it has "rule" over many other jurisprudential rules. The provisions of the no-harm rule are "absolute" and therefore include any harm. According to Article 18 1 1 of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea: "Safe passage" is a right recognized under the conditions for the passage of foreign ships in the territorial sea. Paragraph 2 of Article 19 of the Convention lists eleven cases of "harmful instances". Pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 21 of the 1982 Convention on the Sea, the Government of the Islamic Republic has the authority to legislate and implement it in its territorial waters and can prevent any damage from foreign ships.

The present study was conducted to investigate ethnic policy in the Islamic Republic and its role in national security and cohesion by the library method. The purpose of this study is to examine ethnic policy to maintain national security and cohesion. Every country strives to have a united, cohesive, integrated and loyal nation to its national identity, and to achieve this goal it needs appropriate ethnic policy and professional management in order to take steps to strengthen and promote national security and cohesion. Unbalanced development in the economic, social and political fields, a clash of tastes and regardless of the set ethnic policy, are among the causes of the failure of ethnic policies. Efforts for ethnic political participation, attention to language, ethnic customs, and the use of ethnic elites in positions and administrative positions have been successful points of ethnic policies in Iran that affect national security and cohesion. Religious, religious and ethnic diversity in some historical periods and mainly due to the interventions of arrogant countries has been the cause of the crisis in Iran. If ethnic and religious diversity in Iran is not properly managed and appropriate policies are made, national security and cohesion will be threatened.

The present study examines the political ideas of Khajeh Nizam al-Mulk Tusi. In this article, an attempt is made to take a brief look at the life of Khajeh Nizam-ol-Molk, to his political thoughts and attitudes to concepts such as justice. The important question is what is the view of Khajeh Nizam-ol-Molk about the king and the ideal ruler? Is this view derived from the political ideas of ancient Iran? Although Khajeh Nizam was a Sunni and a Jama'at in Shari'a, he did not pay attention to the caliphate in politics and ultimately considered the monarchy as the only institution for political affairs. Khajeh believed in defending and respecting the current political institutions of his society. In fact, he thinks about everything related to social and political order and stability in society, one of which is the survival and stability in the political institution that is the infrastructure or constituent of the social system he wants.

Intellectualism is a movement in the gap between tradition and modernity, and it is born of the gap and instability created between these two worlds. Martyr Motahhari's intellectual and fundamentalist thought originated from the ruling religious tradition of the people, which eventually led to practical movements in the continuation of the revolution. The research method is analytical-descriptive and the analysis of information is qualitative. The research findings show that the basics and nature of Springer's thinking originated from a liberal and radical environment, which is in relative contrast with the pure thinking that is from a semi-traditional and religious environment; Crystallized; Therefore, its nature can not be fully defined and interpreted in the form of a Springer model. The result of the research also shows that due to the nature of value pluralism of Springer's ideas in concepts such as freedom, democracy, application of Motahhari theories in the form of Springer's model, it is incompletely applicable.

Today, the issue of participatory criminal policy is one of the most important and necessary issues in criminal proceedings that has involved popular, social and non-governmental institutions, which can be based on various criminological theories such as decriminalization, decriminalization. , De-judging, labeling and restorative justice were studied. Participatory criminal policy is itself one of the important characteristics of restorative justice that has been considered in the new Iranian criminal law and special laws.In general, the basis of participatory criminal policy has been formed with the aim of supporting the offender in both active and reactive forms, but there are some objections to these principles. Among other things, the issue of the principles governing participatory criminal policy has not been fully addressed by the legislature. Therefore, the purpose of reviewing this article is to review all the necessities and principles governing participatory criminal policy from the perspective of modern Iranian criminal law.

In Iranian law, the role of Awad in the binding aspects of contracts is not very clear. However, from the inductive study of certain contracts, it is concluded that in most cases, there is a logical relationship between non-compensation and the permissibility of a contract and compensability and the necessity of that contract, which implies a kind of harmony between Iran's legal system and Awad theory. On the other hand, in English law, the contract is generally recognized as valid and enforceable in two ways. The first case is that it is official and sealed, and the second case is that the exchange is its support, since the principle is that the contracts are informal, in English law, the exchange has a decisive role in distinguishing binding contracts from mere promises. Therefore, if the Awad theory is accepted in Iranian law, it can be effective as one of the supplementary rules in interpreting private contracts and determining the obligations of the parties.

Salafism is an extremist current that, in terms of its interpretation of Islamic society and also by creating or changing perceptions of some concepts such as jihad, takfir, emigration, infidelity, polytheism, infidelity and ignorance, has changed over time and at different times. And there have been developments. Sayyid Qutb's thoughts have played a great role in theorizing and spreading Salafist thoughts, so much so that in many Islamic countries such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, Egypt, Turkey, etc. Sayyid Qutb's thoughts and ideas are clearly seen. Understanding the thoughts of Salafi groups is very important due to their effective role in some regional events. In view of these cases, the present article seeks to answer the question: What effect did the thoughts of Sayyid Qutb have on the jihadist Salafis? The present study believes that the ideas of Seyyed Qutb as a source of nourishment for Salafi-jihadi groups have been reproduced by some Islamic thinkers and have become the basis for the extremist movements of Salafi jihadists. This research has been written in a descriptive-analytical manner using library and documentary sources.

Iran_United States Arbitral Tribunal can be considered as a model of international arbitration authorities in terms of resolving the large-scale financial disputes among countries. In addition to offering a solution to the political crisis , Algiers Declarations included a legal approach to resoluing the legal disputes between two governments. That Iran-U.S.claims Tribunal was established in this regard. The establishment of the Iran-U.S.claims tribunal in 1981 was among the measures taken to resolve the crisis between Iran and the United States arising out of the November 1979 hostage crisis at the U.S.Embassy in Tehran and the detention of 52 U.S.diplomates. This tribunal considered as an Adhoc international authority that has a personality and material juris dictias.This arbitral court is the most important arbitration authority in resoluing the international disputes in the world. Iran-U.S.clims arbitral Tribunal has an Internatinal nature;and ondoubredly, subjected to the rules and regulations of international and nowadays there is no doabt about the internationality nature of this tribunal. The Tribunal’s most important contribution to the international commercial arbitration is its extensive body of judicial history that the tribunal has developed and enshrined these rules under the UNDITRAL arbitration rules.

The purpose of this study was to examine the "right to a drug-free life" in the 1988 Vienna Convention and the Charter of Bioethics is. This research is of descriptive-analytical type and for collecting information, documentary-library method has been used. Representative of the United Nations Convention against Narcotics and Psychedelics, adopted on December 19, 1988, known as the Vienna Convention. In this convention, the only crime that can be the subject of the crime of drug cleansing is the trafficking of narcotics and psychotropic drugs. Pursuant to Article 3 (b) of the Convention, the laundering of proceeds of crime is: the conversion or transfer of property knowing that such property is the result of the crime of drug trafficking or the act of complicity in such a crime, in order to conceal or divert Illegal origin of property or for the purpose of assisting a person who has been involved in the commission of such a crime to escape the legal effects of his or her perpetration. The findings show that the 1988 Convention under Territorial and Flag Jurisdiction addresses the issue of dealing with narcotics crimes and that it is possible to extend the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court to narcotics crimes. If the development is identified, Iran's security plans to combat drug trafficking will change.

By looking at the law on banking operations without usury approved in 2013 and its bylaws and instructions, it is clear that in the recent law, some contracts have come into existence that are different from the contracts of the same name, in civil rights, and one of these contracts is bank scams. is. In Islamic banking, people's economic relations are based on Islamic contracts. including bilateral economic relations that exist between people with each other on the one hand and with banks on the other hand in Islamic society; It is a gloss. Granting facilities in banks to people is under the headings of Islamic contracts, one of these contracts is Jaala contract. Ja'ala is a jurisprudential transaction that is introduced as one of the specific contracts in Iranian law. In Malaysian law, accelerating the liberalization of the license to carry out Sharia-compliant banking activities has made Malaysia a competitive pole in the Islamic banking system. Investigating the performance of banks in this country in various fields using methods that conform to Sharia contracts can play an effective role in improving the methods and performance of the Islamic banking industry in Iran. In this article, with an analytical and descriptive method, we have discussed the frameworks governing the Jaala contract from the perspective of Islamic banking and with a comparative approach to the laws of Malaysia.

Identity, as one of the most important concepts of social sciences, is influenced by various factors, of which cultural and social capital is one of the most important factors in its formation and redefinition. This research was conducted with the aim of studying the impact of social and cultural capital indicators on the national identity of young people through a survey method, during which 390 young people living in the eastern areas of Golestan were studied using a questionnaire. The findings of the research show that the average Social and cultural capital in the studied society is 3 and 1.55 out of 5, respectively, which indicates that social capital is above average and cultural capital is weak and below average. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient test show the existence of a relationship between capital indicators. It confirms social with national and social identity, but the relationship between cultural capital indicators with national identity was not confirmed, which can basically be caused by the weakness of cultural capital among the youth of these regions. The correlation between social capital with the national, modern and religious dimensions of the youth's social identity is moderate and positive, but this relationship with the ethnic dimension of the youth's social identity is stronger and more positive. The results of the path analysis test also showed that the dimensions of social capital have a direct relationship and Meaningfulness with the respondents' social identity has the result that in order to strengthen the national identity,

Arbitration in international trade is based on various domestic and international laws. For various reasons, turning to arbitration in international trade can have more benefits than the intervention of governments and judicial authorities, so it is necessary for countries to pay the necessary attention to facilitate arbitration in this regard and remove some obstacles. In recent decades, arbitration has played a significant role in resolving trade disputes. The reason for this can be sought in various factors such as reducing transaction costs, speeding up the proceedings, reducing judicial intervention, and so on. In this regard, in some cases, factors that are independent of the arbitrator or lead to his or her will may lead to a fair handling of the dispute, in which case rules and resources have been considered to resolve this issue. This descriptive-analytical study is a comparative study of referee's injury in domestic and international sources and examines the gaps and problems in this field and tries to compare the significant shortcomings in this area with a comparative study. Explain in the field of domestic and international law.

In the legal systems, individual freedoms have been considered. Nowadays, individuals, both real and legal, perform extensive activities in a virtual space. The content and data exchanged by individuals and stakeholders are produced and transported in this space. It should be respected. Security and privacy are special, the violation of which creates consequences for the activists, it is necessary to review the civil responsibility of individuals in this space and adapt it to the regulations and approvals governing international forums, and to adopt solutions to preserve and honor this place and respect it. There are different definitions of data, security, personal privacy and content in the regulations and customs of the society. The aforementioned matters are among the rights that all people in any government should be familiar with, because by knowing them, the safety of the citizens will be respected, while the governments also play a major role in this field. Among the tasks of governments and legal systems is to update the laws that have been enacted in the field of privacy of citizens, cases such as avoiding eavesdropping on telephone conversations by ensuring the security of cyberspace, are all examples of citizens' privacy, and the legislator is obliged to establish a special legal system. compile an article about them. The security of data is sometimes violated by the government and government organizations,

In the current process of international law, the development of energy exploitation from renewable energy sources has grown significantly. In this context, international documents have been approved in order to regulate the environmental and energy policies of countries. These regulations have been compiled in a wide range binding documents. The dispersion of international documents with the uncertain status the principles and rules of international law about the legal aspects of the development and necessity of renewable energy sources and the review the approach of international law to renewable energy justifies. Providing clean energy services in order to achieve the principle of sustainable development, increasing the level awareness, using healthy environment has been one of the goals the upcoming millennium based on reducing half of poverty in the world, which will not possible without considering the category of using clean energy. The increase in the heat energy of the sun in the earth's atmosphere with the increase in the atmospheric temperature due to the consequences of the excessive use of fossil fuels by humans causes a change in the climatic and weather systems. Therefore, the consumption of energy in the world, despite having a fundamental , central role, is a big challenge in the 21st century and the third millennium. It is faced as some environmental experts and sustainable development planners believe; By reducing the two basic goals of poverty and preventing the aggravation of pollution caused by the consumption of fossil fuels, we can continue life on the inhabited earth

The aim of this research is to study the anthropology of food cultural tourism spaces in Urmia city. Today, tourism as an industry and a social, economic and cultural activity requires that cultural spaces and even tourists themselves be studied and analyzed from an anthropological point of view. Identifying the anthropological aspects and factors related to this issue will make the planning and development of the cultural tourism industry successful. Food as a cultural phenomenon is a mediator that connects a wide range of cultural studies. Cultural tourism activity for survival and sustainable interaction needs to know all the anthropological aspects of cultural tourism spaces that are visited as tourist destinations. The research is ethnographic and qualitative. Participatory observation and interview were used to collect data. The results of the research showed that Urmia city, with its green nature and great variety of plants, along with the rich local culture and knowledge of the Azeri peoples, has a suitable platform and capacity for cultural tourism in the field of food. Paying attention and understanding the anthropological aspects of the cultural tourism spaces of Urmia city will be an effective factor in the prosperity of tourism and cultural exchanges.

The movements of hostile countries and international assemblies and circles, mainly human rights, play role in the securitization of religious minorities and have exploited religious minorities as a tactic since the victory of the Islamic Revolution. The religious minorities recognized have played a unique role in consolidating stability and national unity and identity, that is why foreigners have focused all their efforts to promote their differences under the pretext of defending the rights of religious minorities. Then provide the grounds for the securitization of these minorities. Iran is consisting of different tribes, races, and religions that have formed a single nation under one flag and act correctly as a puzzle. If any of the pieces is moved, missing or disturbed, it will create an irreparable disturbance affecting the entire set. The religious minorities are among the puzzle of Great Iran.For the aforementioned reasons, the opponents of the Islamic Republic, from the oppositions and foreign countries, have emphasized on the issue of securitization of various minorities, especially religious minorities, in the country, by incitement or by appealing to international human rights assemblies. They have always been unsuccessful due to the efforts of legal religious minorities. This research seeks to make everyone aware of the alien's plans and provide a way to strengthen their integration. In this research, the library method and experts' opinions were used and the findings showed that despite countless efforts, the hostile countries did not achieve success.

Iran's nuclear program, in the eyes of the West, has the potential to lead to the acquisition of nuclear weapons. Therefore, this program, along with the anti-Westernism of the Islamic Republic, has always been considered a security threat to the West, and especially to the United States. The West has pursued two general approaches to limiting Iran's nuclear capacity: a peaceful solution or punitive measures and a military confrontation. US President Barack Obama accepted the first solution, which was in line with the UN Charter. This view emphasized multilateralism and the role of international organizations (institutional security). Negotiations between Iran and the six world powers eventually led to the signing of The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). As this agreement was related to international security, the same agreement was approved by the UN Security Council. Trump, the next US president, called Barjam against the national interest and left it unilaterally. Using descriptive-analytical method and using library resources, this research seeks to answer the question of what effect has the US withdrawal from the UN Security Council had on the global security order? The results of our research lead us to believe that the US withdrawal from the UN Security Council as an international treaty also ratified by the UN Security Council has shifted the world order from institutional security to a hegemonic security order.

After concluding an arbitration agreement or arbitration clause, one of the issues that can be raised is who is the appropriate party to the agreement and a third party who is not a party to the contract or the so-called "signatory" of the agreement or arbitration agreement, may be required to arbitrate. Or not. The purpose of this article is to analyze this issue with analytical and descriptive methods and to express different legal systems and legal teachings in the judicial fields in this field. In the meantime, some courts or arbitral tribunals, citing a set of principles in this area, consider the agreement of the parties on arbitration to be generalizable to a third party and believe that a new principle of international commercial arbitration has emerged. What will be considered in this article is the study of the law of some EU countries (France, Britain, Switzerland, USA, Spain, Sweden) and the law of Iran in this field. While in international law this seems to have been accepted on the basis of numerous legal documents; There are conflicting opinions in Iranian law in this area and there is no single procedure in this regard. It seems that in many European systems, the condition of arbitration has been accepted, which is still a matter of doubt in Iranian law.

Political stability has always been one of the main concerns of political thinkers and researchers, in fact one of the functions of political thought is the effort to obtain political stability. The arena is objectified. He considered the survival of a system in maintaining its political stability. Ibn Khaldoun is one of the first thinkers of the Islamic world who addressed the nature of the state. In fact, he sought a precise understanding of the nature of the state. He is trying to understand the nature of the state with a sociological perspective and at the same time he is looking for a model for the formation and fall of the states. The most basic concept for political stability in Ibn Khaldun's thought is the concept of nervousness. This article tries to understand the concept of stability and political survival in Ibn Khaldoun's thought by describing the different aspects of Ibn Khaldun's thoughts.

The government is the most present fact of human experience and a huge combination of facts related to forces, powers and institutions. The government is the highest manifestation relationship of power and sovereignty that existed in all societies. The most important aspect of government governance is the establishment and implementation of laws in society. In some theories government, the coercive aspect of governments is emphasized. Some political realists and Marxists have considered the government as a tool of coercion. In later works, the government is described as an institution providing welfare and comfort.One of the most influential views of the government on societies, from late to today has been the view of Karl Marx. In Marx's thought, the concept of the state is based on three different opinions: the state as a means of suppressing the working class, the state as an arbiter or mediator, and finally, the state as a function of the economic infrastructure variable. Also, in this view, the government in the capitalist system acts as a consolidation tool of this system, and with the victory of the proletariat and until the formation of communism, its existence is necessary, and after that, the removal of the government is considered. As result, it seems that in Marx's point of view, according to the interpretations presented, the concept of the state in terms of playing a different role, in terms of existential necessity, has the possibility of survival in the short term, but its continued existence is not possible.

As a result of acts of violence against the Rohingya Muslims ethnic minority in Myanmar, thousands of them were homeless in the Rakhine state of the camps and .This issue clearly indicates the cause of the incident, the ethnic clearing of Muslims In this country. Given that according to international criminal law, the concept of ethnic clearing on the one side related and accompanying to crimes against humanity, exile and forced transfer, and on the other side related to genocide, the International Criminal Court's entrance to investigate these crimes are felt more than ever and It is important . Therefore, in this study, while analyzing the characteristics of these crimes in accordance with international criminal law and their adaptation to the existing facts about violence against Muslims of Rohingya, we will explain other examples of crimes committed and then describe them then, we explain the function of International Criminal Court about investigating these crimes.

Among the important elements of the bases for deriving rulings is the subordination of Islamic rulings to benefits and corruptions. Paying attention to the role of expediency and corruption in the limitation and development of women's rulings can be investigated. In order to investigate and explain this issue, according to the present research, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical method with the aim of examining the role of expediency in the collection and expansion of women's rulings, Sharia rulings are subject to interests and corruptions; As government rulings are also in the direction of providing the social benefits of the Islamic society. The results of the research state that Sharia rulings are subject to benefits and corruptions; As government rulings are also in the direction of providing the social benefits of the Islamic society. There are many rulings about women in Islamic jurisprudence. Rulings such as the obligation of veiling, half of a woman's share of inheritance compared to a man's share of inheritance, half of a woman's dowry compared to a man's dowry, the equivalence of a man's testimony in courts with the testimony of two women, the woman's obligation to submit to her husband, the necessity of the husband's permission to leave the house and A vow, a woman's benefit from dowry, alimony, etc. which has expediency and corruption. Divine decrees are based on criteria and materials that are usually permanent and do not change in the course of time.

The issue of dealing with natural disasters has always been one of the most important human concerns throughout history. The issue of effective management of the consequences of these accidents and how to minimize the loss of life, property and psychological after the occurrence of natural disasters, including earthquakes, are among the issues that have occupied the minds of natural and social scientists . Among the important scientific disciplines in the discussion of natural disaster management, the legal field and the role of lawyers in creating the legal framework is necessary. For example, the existence of effective legal mechanisms can provide a suitable platform for increasing the responsibility of regulatory organizations such as roads and urban development, municipalities, engineering system and insurance, and thus strengthen the possibility of crisis prevention and management. Therefore, the most important purpose of this article can be considered familiarity with the duties of supervisory organizations and strengthening the legal foundations of effective supervision.Finally, it should be said that the findings of this study show us that in order to prevent and strengthen management in the event of crises, the deadline and guarantee of legal implementation should be defined first for the reports of supervising engineers. The title of a quasi-judicial pillar should be considered in the municipalities.

One of the philanthropic actions that is emphasized a lot in Islam is the tradition of charitable endowment. The superiority of the spiritual dimension of endowment compared to other ways of transferring property will not only satisfy the conscience of individuals, but also, according to the elders of the religion, it will also lead to rewards and rewards in the afterlife. It is necessary to preserve and survive this important legal and economic institution, examining its various angles and dimensions and trying to adapt it to the temporal and spatial requirements. One of the controversial topics in the discussion of endowment is the possibility of endowment of money, with the explanation that can a person endow his money with the intention of reducing poverty, creating economic progress and creating employment in the society?In order to answer this question, in this research, we will first state the generalities and then examine the different opinions of Shia and Sunni jurists. Finally, for the possibility of realizing it in Iranian law, we state the different methods of endowment of money in England and some Islamic countries, because we believe that a comparative study can provide solutions that in many cases allow the practical use of a specific issue such as endowment. Money is available in the domestic legal system.

In the last decade, there have been important revisions in economic policy making issues and more attention has been paid to the two categories of political economy with the aim of finding a solution to reform the government and industrial policy with the aim of increasing the competitiveness of the industry sector and industrialization. Examining how countries at all levels of development can respond constructively to contemporary challenges (job creation, poverty reduction, participation in the technological revolution and value chains, etc.); It is difficult without the use of targeted industrial policy.The strategy of export-based industrialization, which in some cases is also called as export-based growth, is a type of economic and commercial policy that aims to speed up the industrialization process of a country through the export of goods that are It has a comparative advantage.Export development is important for two reasons. The first reason is that export-led growth can provide the country with resources, allowing the country to repair its trade balance deficit to the extent that the materials and facilities for export allow, and in addition, its foreign debts. also pay The second reason, which is more important, is that this strategy causes productivity in the country to grow and the export cycle to continue. planning) In this research, the economic variables affecting the export-based industrial development have been extracted